We are often asked by parents who intend to travel with their children about new requirements at the US-Canada border.
According to Passport Canada, as of January 23, 2007, all Canadians entering the United States by air must have a valid passport. Canadians who enter the United States by land or sea can continue to use such documents as a birth certificates and drivers' licenses for at least another year.
The following are some of the essentials recommended by the Canada Services Border Agency and The United States Customs and Border Protection Office to help avoid delays or complications at the border when traveling with children after a separation. These requirements may also be applicable, absent a separation, where only one parent travels with a child.
Notarized Letter of Permission
A notarized Letter of Permission is required by the United States Customs and Border Protection Office (and recommended by the Canada Border Service Agency) to evidence entitlement to travel with a child.
In addition to including specific travel permissions, the letter must also include complete contact information for all parents or legal guardians, so that Customs officials can contact the non-travelling parent to verify or confirm any information.
The following is a sample Letter of Permission, provided for example purposes only. It will, of course, require appropriate modification to fit any individual circumstance:
.....................................
LETTER OF PERMISSION TO TRAVEL
I, ______________, am the lawful custodial parent of
______________ (Child's full name), born ____________ (DD/MM/YY) at ______________ (Place of birth).
The Child's Passport information is as follows:
Passport number: _________________
Date of issuance of passport: __________________ (DD/MM/YY)
Place of issuance of passport: __________________.
______________________ (Name of Person travelling with child) has my permission to travel with the said Child(ren) to visit:
________________ (Place of visit) via ______________ (any stopovers) during the period commencing ______________ (Start travel date) and returning on _____________ (End travel date).
During that period the child(ren) will be residing with:
_______________________ (Name of person travelling with child)
_______________________ (Address)
_______________________
_______________________ Telephone (h)
_______________________ Telephone (w)
_______________________ Fax/Email Address
Any questions regarding this permission letter can be directed to the undersigned at:
_______________________ (Custodial Parent's Name)
_______________________ (Address)
_______________________
_______________________ Telephone (h)
_______________________ Telephone (w)
_______________________ Fax/Email Address
____________________ (date) _____________________
Signature of Custodial Parent
(notarized)
..................................
The Letter of Permission must be
notarized by a lawyer or other notary public.
It is recommended that your lawyer assist you in drafting a Letter of Permission for your particular circumstances. We also recommend that appropriate border authorities be contacted in advance of your travel dates to verify requirements, as these do change from time to time.
Other DocumentsIn addition to the Letter of Permission, the Canada Border Services Agency further recommends that parents carry the following documentation when travelling with
children:
- Copies of any legal custody documents (custody order, separation agreement, etc.)
- Child's Birth certificate
- Child's passport, visas and other immigration documents
- If no other identification documents are available, a letter from your doctor or the hospital where the child was born, stating that you are the children's parent.
When traveling with a group of vehicles, the parent and child should travel in the same vehicle when arriving at the border.
Applying for a Canadian Passport for children under the age of 16In cases of separation or divorce, only custodial parents may apply for passports on behalf of their children. Where a joint custody arrangement exists, either parent may apply for the children's passport, but both parents must sign the application.
During this application process, Passport Canada requires that you provide the following:
- all legal documents that refer to custody, the mobility of, or access to the child
- the divorce order or judgment, if a divorce has been granted
More information on obtaining a passport for a child is available from Passport-Canada
here. The Canadian Passport Application form for children under 16 may be downloaded
here.
Up-to-date information regarding U.S. Customs and Border requirements can be found
here from the US. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Specific U.S. DHS information on travel with children is
here.
- Annie Kenet and Garry J. Wise, Toronto
